Brand and Generic Names

Biaxin is the brand name for the generic drug clarithromycin. This antibiotic falls under the class of macrolides.

Indications for Use

Biaxin is prescribed to treat a variety of bacterial infections including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and Helicobacter pylori infections. It is particularly effective for middle ear infections, pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis.

Mechanism of Action

Clarithromycin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing peptide chain elongation and blocking bacterial growth.

Dosage Forms

Biaxin is available in multiple dosage forms, including 250 mg and 500 mg tablets, extended-release tablets, and oral suspensions. The extended-release tablets provide a sustained release of the drug for a once-daily dosing regimen.

Administration Instructions

For optimal absorption, Biaxin tablets should be taken with or without food, while the extended-release tablets must be taken with food. Oral suspensions should be well shaken prior to administration.

Specific Dosage Recommendations

The usual adult dosage for treating infections is 250 to 500 mg twice daily for 7 to 14 days. For Helicobacter pylori eradication, a 500 mg dosage twice daily for 10 to 14 days is recommended, often combined with other medications.

Dosing Adjustments

Dosage adjustments may be necessary for patients with severe renal impairment. Such patients typically receive a reduced dose or an increased interval between doses.

Drug Interactions

Biaxin interacts with several medications including warfarin, colchicine, and statins. Concomitant use with these drugs may necessitate dosage adjustments or additional monitoring.

Contraindications

Clarithromycin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to macrolide antibiotics. It should not be used concurrently with drugs known to cause QT prolongation due to the risk of serious cardiac events.

Common Side Effects

The most common side effects of Biaxin include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Altered taste perception is also frequently reported.

Severe Adverse Reactions

Severe adverse reactions may include hepatotoxicity, severe allergic reactions, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Immediate medical attention may be necessary if these occur.

Laboratory Monitoring

Monitoring liver function tests is recommended in patients receiving clarithromycin long-term or those with pre-existing liver conditions. Renal function should also be monitored in patients with renal impairment.

Effect on Blood Sugar

Clarithromycin may affect blood sugar levels. Diabetic patients should monitor their blood glucose levels closely while on this medication.

Pediatric Use

Biaxin is approved for use in pediatric patients for various infections; the dosage is typically weight-based. Reference to specific pediatric dosing guidelines is essential.

Geriatric Use

Elderly patients are more likely to experience side effects, especially when dealing with decreased renal function. Dose adjustment and careful monitoring may be required.

Pregnancy and Lactation

Clarithromycin is classified as a Category C drug for pregnant women, meaning potential risks exist. It is excreted in human milk; thus, caution should be exercised when administered to nursing mothers.

Appearance and Storage

Biaxin tablets are typically oval and film-coated, with the strength and the manufacturer’s imprint on them. Store at room temperature, away from moisture and light.

Handling Missed Doses

If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered. However, if it is close to the time for the next dose, the missed dose should be skipped. Double dosing to make up for a missed dose should be avoided.