Medication Information: Ciplox

Active Ingredient

Ciplox contains the active ingredient ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class of medications. It is effective against a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial pathogens.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, ciprofloxacin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, achieving peak plasma concentrations within 1-2 hours. The bioavailability is approximately 70-80%. Ciprofloxacin is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids, including lung tissue, bone, and urine.

Mechanism of Action

Ciprofloxacin acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes critical for DNA replication and transcription. This action results in the prevention of bacterial cell division and eventual cell death, rendering it bactericidal.

Indications for Use

Ciplox is prescribed for the treatment of various bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, and certain types of gastrointestinal infections, including typhoid fever.

Dosage Forms

Ciplox is available in multiple dosage forms, including tablets, oral suspension, and intravenous infusion. Tablet dosages typically range from 250 mg to 750 mg. The dosage form and strength depend on the type and severity of infection being treated.

Recommended Dosage

The usual adult oral dosage for a typical infection ranges from 250 mg to 750 mg twice daily. Intravenous dosages usually range from 200 mg to 400 mg every 12 hours. Adjustments may be necessary based on renal function, severity of infection, and individual patient response.

Renal Impairment

In patients with renal impairment, dosage reduction is recommended. For instance, if creatinine clearance is between 30-50 mL/min, the dosage is reduced by 50%. In those with clearance less than 30 mL/min, the dose should be adjusted accordingly.

Hepatic Impairment

Typically, no dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. However, caution should be exercised, and liver function monitored regularly during prolonged treatment.

Drug Interactions

Ciprofloxacin can interact with several medications. Concomitant use with theophylline, warfarin, and antacids containing magnesium or aluminum may lead to decreased efficacy or increased risk of side effects. Ciprofloxacin may also affect the concentration of cyclosporine and oral hypoglycemics.

Storage Instructions

Store Ciplox tablets and oral suspension at room temperature between 15-30°C (59-86°F). Protect from light and moisture. The intravenous solution should be stored under refrigeration and protected from light. Ensure medication is kept out of reach of children.

Administration Guidelines

Administer Ciplox tablets with or without food, ensuring they are swallowed whole with a glass of water. Avoid dairy products and calcium-fortified juices close to the time of administration as they may interfere with absorption. The intravenous form should be administered by a healthcare professional.

Side Effects

Common side effects associated with Ciplox include nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and headache. Less commonly, patients may experience tendonitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, or central nervous system effects like seizures or depression.

Monitoring Parameters

Parameters to monitor during ciprofloxacin therapy include renal and liver function, complete blood count (CBC), and signs of adverse reactions. Regular monitoring is especially crucial in elderly patients and those with pre-existing medical conditions.

Precautions and Contraindications

Ciplox is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones. Use with caution in patients with epilepsy, a history of tendon disorders, or those taking corticosteroids.

Pregnancy and Lactation

Use during pregnancy is generally advised only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus, as safety data is limited. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in breast milk, hence caution is advised when administered to breastfeeding mothers.

Overdose Management

In the event of an overdose, symptomatic treatment and maintenance of adequate hydration are recommended. Gastric lavage may be considered within an hour of ingestion. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may assist in reducing serum levels of ciprofloxacin.