Drug Name

Claritin (generic name: loratadine) is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. This medication is used to treat symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, and itching associated with hay fever and other allergies.

Indications & Usage

Claritin is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. It is effective in reducing symptoms like sneezing, nasal discharge, and ocular symptoms. The drug may also help with mild to moderate allergic skin reactions, such as rashes.

Administration Guidelines

This medication should be taken exactly as prescribed. It is typically administered once daily, with or without food. It can be taken with a glass of water. Do not crush or chew the tablet; swallow it whole. For liquid formulations, measure the dose carefully using a marked measuring spoon or device. Do not use household utensils for dosing.

Dosage Forms

Claritin is available in various forms including traditional tablets, liquid-filled capsules, disintegrating tablets (OTD), and syrup. Standard adult dosage typically involves 10 mg daily, while children’s dosages vary based on age and weight. Consult your healthcare provider for the most appropriate form and dosage.

Mechanism of Action

Claritin functions by selectively inhibiting peripheral histamine H1 receptors. By blocking these receptors, it prevents the action of histamine, which is a substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms. Unlike first-generation antihistamines, it does not easily cross the blood-brain barrier, minimizing risks of sedation.

Pharmacokinetics

Upon oral administration, loratadine is quickly absorbed, with peak plasma concentrations reached in 1-1.5 hours. Metabolism primarily takes place in the liver via the cytochrome P450 pathway. The active metabolite is primarily excreted in the urine. The half-life is approximately 8.4 hours, but this may vary based on individual metabolic differences.

Possible Side Effects

Common side effects can include headache, drowsiness, fatigue, and dry mouth. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea or abdominal pain may also occur. In rare instances, Claritin may cause severe allergic reactions or heart palpitations. Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider immediately.

Contraindications

Claritin is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to loratadine or any of its ingredients. It should also be avoided in patients with severe liver impairment due to its extensive hepatic metabolism. Use in pregnancy and lactation should be discussed with healthcare providers. Not suitable for children under 2 years unless prescribed.

Drug Interactions

Loratadine has the potential to interact with other medications. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase loratadine plasma concentrations, enhancing side effects. Caution should be exercised when administered with other central nervous system depressants. Always inform your healthcare provider about all other medications and supplements you are taking.

Special Populations

In elderly patients, the pharmacokinetics of loratadine may be altered due to age-related physiological changes, including reduced hepatic and renal function. Dosage adjustments may be required. Patients with renal impairment should also use this medication with caution, and regular monitoring may be necessary.

Monitoring Parameters

Monitoring of liver and kidney function tests is advised in patients with known hepatic or renal impairment. Observation for symptoms of drowsiness or central nervous system depression can be important for patients concurrently using other depressant medications. Efficacy of symptom relief should also be regularly reassessed.

Storage Instructions

Store Claritin at room temperature, away from excessive heat and moisture. Ensure the medication is out of reach of children and pets. Liquid formulations should be used within the time frame specified by the manufacturer after opening. Firmly close the bottle of liquid forms after each use to prevent contamination.

Patient Counseling Information

Patients should be advised to take Claritin as directed and not to exceed the recommended dose. Inform them about potential side effects and to report any severe or unusual symptoms. Educate them on the importance of not using the medication past its expiration date and to consult their healthcare provider for any questions concerning their treatment.