Medication Guide for Nizoral

Active Ingredient

Nizoral contains ketoconazole as its active ingredient. Ketoconazole is an antifungal agent that inhibits the growth of various types of fungi by affecting their cell membranes.

Pharmaceutical Form

Nizoral is available in various forms such as tablets, creams, shampoos, and topical solutions. The form of medication prescribed depends on the type and location of the fungal infection being treated.

Indications for Use

Nizoral is indicated for the treatment of various fungal and yeast infections. These include tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea versicolor, and candidiasis. It is also used for seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff.

Administration Guidelines

The method of administration depends on the pharmaceutical form. Tablets should be taken orally with food. Creams, shampoos, and topical solutions are applied to the affected areas of the skin or scalp. Follow the specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider or mentioned on the package insert.

Dosage Information

The dosage of Nizoral depends on the form and severity of the infection. For tablets, the common dosage is once daily. Topical forms such as creams and shampoos are generally applied once or twice daily. Course duration varies; follow healthcare provider recommendations.

Contraindications

Nizoral should not be used in individuals with known hypersensitivity to ketoconazole or any of the excipients. It is also contraindicated in patients with certain liver diseases and those taking specific medications due to risk of drug interactions.

Potential Side Effects

Common side effects of Nizoral tablets include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and headache. Topical forms may cause itching, irritation, or redness at the application site. Report unexpected reactions to your healthcare provider.

Drug Interactions

Nizoral can interact with multiple medications including some statins, anticoagulants, and certain antacids. It can also affect the metabolism of other drugs by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Check compatibility before concurrent use.

Storage Conditions

Store Nizoral tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Topical forms should be kept in cool, dry places, and creams should not be frozen. Always follow storage instructions on the packaging.

Mechanism of Action

Ketoconazole works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. This weakens the cell membrane, leading to cell leakage and eventual cell death.

Pharmacokinetics

Oral ketoconazole is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring 1-2 hours post-administration. It is extensively metabolized in the liver and primarily excreted in feces.

Pregnancy and Lactation

Nizoral should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Lactating women should either discontinue the drug or stop breastfeeding, considering the drug’s potential to pass into breast milk.

Monitoring Requirements

Patients on long-term Nizoral therapy should undergo regular liver function tests. Monitor for signs of hepatotoxicity, such as jaundice or dark urine, and consult a healthcare provider if symptoms occur.

Patient Education

Inform patients about the importance of completing the full course of therapy, even if symptoms improve. Advise on potential side effects and interactions, and instruct them to report any adverse reactions promptly.

Use in Specific Populations

Caution is advised when administering Nizoral to elderly patients or those with pre-existing liver conditions. Dosing adjustments may be required based on individual health status and concurrent medications.

How to Apply Cream

Clean and dry the affected area before applying a thin layer of Nizoral cream. Rub gently until absorbed. Do not cover with a bandage unless advised by a healthcare provider. Wash hands after application.

Shampoo Usage Directions

Wet hair and scalp thoroughly. Apply Nizoral shampoo and lather generously, allowing it to remain on the scalp for 3-5 minutes before rinsing thoroughly. Repeat use per the prescribed schedule.

Tablet Intake Advice

Take Nizoral tablets with food to enhance absorption and minimize gastrointestinal upset. Swallow tablets whole; do not crush or chew. Maintain a consistent schedule for maximum efficacy.

Purchase and Availability

Nizoral is available at pharmacies by prescription. Over-the-counter forms like shampoos may also be available for certain indications. Check with local pharmacies for specific availability.

Missed Dose Instructions

If a dose of Nizoral is missed, take it as soon as remembered unless it is nearly time for the next scheduled dose. Do not double doses to compensate for missed medication.

Impact on Diagnostics

Nizoral may interfere with certain laboratory tests, including liver function tests and hormonal assays. Inform your healthcare provider about Nizoral use before undergoing medical tests.

Fluoroscopic Imaging

Nizoral can affect fluoroscopic imaging studies, potentially affecting the diagnosis or monitoring of certain conditions. Inform the imaging facility about Nizoral use during appointment scheduling.

Expiration Checks

Regularly check the expiration date on Nizoral packaging. Do not use expired medication. Dispose of expired or unused medication as per local guidelines or pharmacy take-back programs.

Environmental Impact

Dispose of Nizoral responsibly to avoid environmental contamination. Do not flush medications down the toilet or discard them in household trash. Utilize authorized drug disposal services.

Economic Considerations

The cost of Nizoral can vary based on form and dosage. Insurance coverage and generic options may reduce out-of-pocket expenses. Consult with a pharmacist or healthcare provider about cost-effective alternatives.