Medication Zyban Guide

Generic Name and Ingredients

Zyban’s generic name is bupropion hydrochloride. Each tablet typically contains 150 mg of bupropion hydrochloride as its active ingredient. Inactive ingredients may include microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and magnesium stearate, among others.

Indication and Usage

Zyban is primarily indicated for smoking cessation aid. It helps individuals reduce their craving for nicotine and manage withdrawal symptoms. The medication may also be used off-label to treat depression and other mood disorders, as determined by a healthcare provider.

Dosage and Administration

For smoking cessation, the initial recommended dose is 150 mg once daily for the first three days. Subsequent doses are usually 150 mg twice daily, with at least eight hours between doses. The full therapeutic effect may take up to four weeks. The treatment should continue for seven to twelve weeks.

How Supplied

Zyban is supplied in tablet form, with each tablet containing 150 mg of bupropion hydrochloride. The tablets are film-coated, white, round, and debossed with “ZYBAN” on one side and “150” on the other.

Mechanism of Action

Bupropion acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). It inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which helps to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with nicotine addiction. It also acts as a non-competitive antagonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, bupropion is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are typically reached within two hours. The drug undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, primarily by the CYP2B6 enzyme. Its half-life ranges from 21 to 37 hours, allowing for twice-daily dosing. Bupropion and its metabolites are excreted primarily through urine.

Storage Conditions

Store Zyban at room temperature, between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Keep the medication in a tightly closed container, away from moisture and direct sunlight. Ensure that it is kept out of reach of children and pets.

Drug Interactions

Zyban may interact with various medications, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), antipsychotics, antidepressants, and certain beta-blockers. It may also interact with drugs metabolized by CYP2B6. Concurrent use with alcohol may increase the risk of neuropsychiatric events.

Contraindications

Zyban is contraindicated in patients with a seizure disorder, a current or prior diagnosis of bulimia or anorexia nervosa, and those undergoing abrupt discontinuation of alcohol or sedatives. It is also contraindicated in patients who have shown prior hypersensitivity to bupropion or any of the inactive ingredients in the formulation.

Special Populations

In elderly patients, no dosage adjustment is required unless they have significant renal or hepatic impairment. In patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis, the dose should be reduced, and the dosing interval should be extended. Renal impairment may warrant adjustment of the administration frequency and dose.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Zyban include dry mouth, insomnia, and headaches. Less common but serious side effects can include seizures, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and hypertensive events. Monitor patients for mood changes, aggression, and suicidal ideation, particularly during early treatment phases.

Overdose Management

Symptoms of bupropion overdose may include seizures, hallucinations, loss of consciousness, and heart rhythm disturbances. Immediate medical attention is required. Treatment involves supportive care, including maintaining an open airway, and monitoring cardiac and vital signs. Activated charcoal may be administered to limit drug absorption.

Pregnancy and Lactation

The safety of Zyban during pregnancy has not been well established. Bupropion crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk. Risk-benefit assessment should be conducted for pregnant and breastfeeding women considering Zyban for smoking cessation or other off-label uses.